Фондовый рынок в России: теоретический и современный аспект

ÏËÀÍ.

Ââåäåíèå -                                                                                               ñòð.2.

Ãëàâà I. Öåííûå áóìàãè â Ðîññèè: òåîðåòè÷åñêèé àñïåêò:

1) Ïîíÿòèå öåííûõ áóìàã -                                                                         ñòð.3.                                                

2) êëàññèôèêàöèÿ öåííûõ áóìàã -                                                               ñòð.6.

3) âèäû öåííûõ áóìàãè è èõ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà:

à) àêöèè -                                                                                                  ñòð.10.            

á) îáëèãàöèè -                                                                                           ñòð.13.

Ãëàâà II. Ïðîáëåìû ðîññèéñêîãî ðûíêà öåííûõ áóìàã â Ðîññèè -                   ñòð.19.   

Çàêëþ÷åíèå -                                                                                              ñòð.23.

Ñïèñîê èñïîëüçîâàííîé ëèòåðàòóðû -                                                           ñòð.24.

Ââåäåíèå.

Ôîíäîâûé ðûíîê, ñóùåñòâóþùèé â  äàííîå âðåìÿ â Ðîññèè, äî ñèõ ïîð íå ñëîæèëñÿ îêîí÷àòåëüíî âñëåäñòâèå ñâîåãî íåäàâíåãî âîçðîæäåíèÿ. Îáùåèçâåñòíî, ÷òî â 1917-1918 ãîäàõ ñîâåòñêàÿ âëàñòü çàïðåòèëà âñÿêóþ äåÿòåëüíîñòü ñ öåííûìè áóìàãàìè, ò.ê âîçíèêàþùàÿ äèðåêòèâíàÿ ýêîíîìèêà äèêòîâàëà èìåííî òàêîé ïîäõîä, à èìåííî: ñâîáîäíûå äåíåæíûå ñðåäñòâà äîëæíû ðàñïðåäåëÿòüñÿ öåíòðàëèçîâàííî ãîñóäàðñòâåííûìè îðãàíàìè, â òî âðåìÿ êàê ðûíîê öåííûõ áóìàã ïðåäïîëàãàåò ñîáîé ïîñðåäíèêà â ïåðåðàñïðåäåëåíèè ñâîáîäíûõ äåíåæíûõ ðåñóðñîâ.

Âîññòàíîâëåíèå ôîíäîâîãî ðûíêà â Ðîññèè íà÷àëîñü â êîíöå 80-õ -  íà÷àëå 90-õ ãîäîâ, ò.å. ïî÷òè ÷åðåç 70 ëåò. Åñòåñòâåííî, îòñóòñòâèå îïûòà îðãàíèçàöèè è ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ òàêîãî âèäà ðûíêà çàñòàâèëî ðîññèéñêèõ ïðåäïðèíèìàòåëåé îáðàòèòü  ñâîè âçîðû ê çàïàäíûì ñòðàíàì, èñòîðèÿ ðûíêà öåííûõ áóìàã êîòîðûõ íàñ÷èòûâàåò óæå íå îäíî ñòîëåòèå (íàïðèìåð, Àìñòåðäàìñêàÿ ôîíäîâàÿ áèðæà îñíîâàíà â 1602 ã.)[1] .  ýòèõ ñòðàíàõ âûøåóêàçàííûé ðûíîê âîçíèê êàê ìåõàíèçì ñâîáîäíîé òîðãîâëè ôèíàíñîâûìè îáÿçàòåëüñòâàìè è â òå÷åíèå äëèòåëüíîãî âðåìåíè íå ïîäâåðãàëñÿ íèêàêîìó ãîñóäàðñòâåííîìó ðåãóëèðîâàíèþ èëè îáùåñòâåííîìó êîíòðîëþ.

Íî â ïðîöåññå ïåðåíÿòèÿ îïûòà çàïàäíûõ ïàðòåðîâ â ïåðåõîäíîé ýêîíîìèêå Ðîññèè ðûíîê öåííûõ áóìàã ïðèîáðåë ñïåöèôè÷åñêóþ îêðàñêó, íàïðèìåð íåñêîëüêî èçìåíèëèñü êà÷åñòâåííûå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè íåêîòîðûõ öåííûõ áóìàã ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ çàïàäíîé ïðàêòèêîé.

Íåñîìíåííî, ñðåäè öåííûõ áóìàã ñëîæíî âûÿâèòü ïðèîðèòåòíûå è íóæäàþùèåñÿ â áîëåå ïîëíîé õàðàêòåðèñòèêå, êàæäûé âèä öåííûõ áóìàã èãðàåò âàæíîå çíà÷åíèå â ýêîíîìèêå, íî, íå èìåÿ âîçìîæíîñòè ïîäðîáíî ðàññìîòðåòü êàæäóþ ðàçíîâèäíîñòü, â ñâîåé ðàáîòå ÿ óäåëþ âíèìàíèå ãëàâíûì îáðàçîì âèäàì è õàðàêòåðèñòèêàì  òàêèõ öåííûõ áóìàã, êàê àêöèè è îáëèãàöèè, à òàêæå ïðîáëåìàì è ñïåöèôèêå ðîññèéñêîãî ôîíäîâîãî ðûíêà â öåëîì.

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