Summary

Grammatically the verb is most complex part of speech. This is due to the sentral role it performs in the expression of the predicative functionsof the sentence, i.e. the functions establishing the connection between the situation (situational event) named in the utterance and reality. The complexity of the verb is inherent not only in the intricate structure of its gammatical categories, but also in its various subclass divisions, as well as in its falling into two sets of forms profoundly different from each other: the finite set and the non-finite set.

The complicated character of the grammatical and lexico-grammatical structure of the verb has given rise too much dispute and controversy. However, the application of the principles of systemic linguistic analysis to the study of this interesting sphere of language helps overcome many essential difficulties in its theoretical description, and also a number of terminological disagreementas among the scholars. This refers in particular to the fundamental relations between the categories of tense and aspect, which have aroused of late very heated disputes.

Бібліографія

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«Journal of Linguistics», v. 3, 1967.

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19. Greene G. The Quiet American. L., 1955.

20. Kimberla L.R. A taste of Reality, 2001.

21. Lawrence D.H. Sons and Lovers. L., 1999.

22. Lawrence D.N. Lady Chatterley's Lover, Penguin Books.

23. Puzо С. The Godfather. N. Y.

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26. Maugham W.S. Rain and Other Short Stories, M., 1977.

27. Waugh E. The Loved One. N. Y., 1957.

Додатки

Examples: а) Підклас «give»

He likes to give (Дж. Керм).

He does not matter whether he wins or not….But he usually wins (Clark).

He would not often sing when he knew anybody could hear (Clark).

He is a good worker if he understands, but you have to tell him just what to do (Clark).

Did she understand? (J. Galsworthy).

That shows how little you understand (J. Galsworthy).

He's never interfered and he's always seemed to understand (J. Galsworthy).

A pretty job I shall have to make him understand! (J. Galsworthy).

I knew she would understand, because she understood everything (L.R. Kimberla).

He did remember (J. Galsworthy).

Here in a remote corner before a plate of roasted mutton and mushed potato he read (J. Galsworthy).

I read for examinations. I read for instruction. Here I learned to read for pleasure (W.S. Maugham).

Seeing that she had finished reading, he came up to her (J. Galsworthy).

This added to his fear, and he began reading (J. Galsworthy).

Expression! Ah! They were all Expressionists now, he had heard, on the Continent (J. Galsworthy).

Nor did his father mention her, though of course he, too, must know. (J. Galsworthy).

At least 60 people were injured, but we were counting (Mc. Millan).

He still dug at the earth viciously. He heard (D.H. Lawrence).

Twenty years is a long time outside our family, who's likely to remember? (J. Galsworthy).

«I hate beyond hate» (J. Fowles).

Examples: б) Пiдклас “eat”

When did you learn to cook? (Mc. Millan).

He ate and drank more than he had need (D.H. Lawrence).

He ate and drank, watching the last light fade (J. Galsworthy).

While they ate he thought of Fleur (J. Galswarthy).

There still so many people who hate that we shop in the same stores or eat at the same restaurants as them (L.R. Kimberla).

We left the mall without stopping to eat as we'd planned on doing (L.R. Kimberla).

You see, when he is not walking or taking a bath, he is eating (J. Galswarthy).

Past masters were eating there (J. Galswarthy).

I eat very little myself…(W.S. Maugham).

Finally Jil began to eat too (Clark).

While he ate he read a detective story (W.S. Maugham).

Wash the walls before you start to paint (Mc. Millan).

She was knitting. It is too soon to sow yet, to make a living by writing (Хорнби).

She reads and knits to pass the time (Mc. Millan).

As a man sows, so shall he reap. Reap where one has not sown (Хорнби).

Well, then, you have five choices: eat, sleep, drink, play poker or fight (Clark).

He would not often sing when he knew anybody could hear (Clark).

«Sing, John!» John sang (J. Galswarthy).

Poor Tymothy must now take a harp and sing in the company of Mrs. Forsyte, Mrs. Julia, Miss Hester (J. Galswarthy).

Her fixed idea stood on the stage and sang with Polly Peachum, mimed with Filch…(J. Galsworthy).

No bird sang! (W.S. Maugham).

He laughed and shouted and sang (W.S. Maugham).

After dinner his mother played. He gazed at his mother while played (J. Galswarthy).

He waited till he she had begun to play (J. Galsworthy).

The cocks crowed and played and clamoured so gaily, day in, day out (J. Galswarthy).

He waited till evening, till after their almost silent dinner, till his mother had played to him (J. Galsworthy).

Annie played under the tall old hedge picking up alder cones, that she called currants (D.H. Lawrence).

The children were playing in the yard (W.S. Maugham).

The boys are playing (Mc. Millan).

She doesn't play. She works inside the clubhouse (L.R. Kimberla).

«Can you draw?» I like drawing with chalk (Mc. Millan).

Couldn't he just paint! (J. Galsworthy).

Wash the walls before you start to paint (Mc. Millan).

Examples: в) Пiдклас “drink”

He still had not had the fight he wanted and he was drinking like he was just a pipe through the floor (Clark).

Well, then, you have five choices: eat, sleep, drink, play poker or fight (Clark).

Не had a problem with the drink, as he put it. When he drank, he became pugnacious and challenged people in bars (I. Shaw).

He ate and drank more than he had need (D.H. Lawrence).

He ate and drank, watching the last light fade (J. Galsworthy).

He supposed that people drank too much still, but there was not the scope for it there used to be (J. Galsworthy).

And how consistently Montague Dartie had drunk too much (J. Galsworthy).

He was a sociable creature and didn't care to drink alone (W.S. Maugham).

I didn't drink, I had to find other ways to entertain myself (L.R. Kimberla).

It's not much fun when you don't drink (L.R. Kimberla).

Seizing ink and writing paper, she began to write…(J. Galsworthy).

He must write to Holy, telling her that Jon knew nothing as yet of family history (J. Galsworthy).

My dear boy- it is not easy to write (J. Galsworthy).

He would write to her. But would she answer? (J. Galsworthy).

He wrote with difficulty and many erasures (J. Galsworthy).

I had to see John- he wrote to me (J. Galsworthy).

After hearing of his father's dead, she wrote to Jon (J. Galsworthy).

I'll write now and you can post it (J. Galsworthy).

The flutter of his eyelid fortified Soames in a resolution to write direct to the new Bolderby (J. Galsworthy).

I shall write to Kuala Solor (W.S. Maugham).

What will you do if Isabel writes and puts an end to her engagement with you? (W.S. Maugham).

It is not easy to earn money by writing (W.S. Maugham).

The Sultan was away but he wrote to his representative (W.S. Maugham).

She wrote begging him to persevere (W.S. Maugham).

He wrote as though he were settled definitely in Tahiti (W.S. Maugham).

The times when he felt lonely or missed the kid, he wrote to her (I. Shaw).

John stood feeling exactly as he used to when he was a naughty little boy; sore because he was not loving and because he was justified in his own eyes (J. Galsworthy).

People will assume that I love (J. Galsworthy).

«He can't even love…» she thought (J. Galsworthy).

He only knew she loved… (D.H. Lawrence).

I live and love (J. Galsworthy).

Those who love, live longer (Mc. Millan).

Traveling by train is cheaper, you can save (Mc. Millan).

Examples: г) Пiдклас “shrug”

I expected an argument but she merely nodded and went out (Mc. Millan).

You knew that? Soames nodded (J. Galsworthy).

The doctor nodded and went upstairs (J. Galsworthy).

John nodded (J. Galsworthy).

The girl nodded (J. Galsworthy).

Irene nodded (J. Galsworthy).

The Duke nodded and passed on (W.S. Maugham).

The fat man nodded (W.S. Maugham).

He nodded to Bateman (W.S. Maugham).

Mr. Warburton nodded to signify that the interview was at and end (W.S. Maugham).

The woman nodded and went to the house (W.S. Maugham).

Fleur nodded; her frills shook and trembled as she swayed toward the door (J. Galsworthy).

She nodded and John's face lighted up at once (J. Galsworthy).

Soames nodded, and the streams forced them apart (J. Galsworthy).

« All right, Cook!» Soames nodded (J. Galsworthy).

Mom nodded, and we left the store in a fury (L.R. Kimberla).

I nodded in agreement, but I wanted him out of my office (L.R. Kimberla).

The children clapped in excitement (Mc. Millan).

« I'm Soames » Timothy nodded (J. Galsworthy).

«To hold on- hold on- Consols are going up», and he nodded thrice (J. Galsworthy).

They are all disappeared now. The old ones are dead, except Timothy. Fleur clapped her hands (J. Galsworthy).

I nodded my head in agreement but still didn't speak (L.R. Kimberla).

«Why not?» she asked. Tony shrugged (Mc. Millan).

Monsieur Profond shrugged his shoulders (J. Galswarthy).

Fleur shrugged her shoulders (J. Galswarthy).

Annette shrugged her shoulders (J. Galswarthy).

Mr. Warburton shrugged her shoulders (W.S. Maugham).

Examples: д) Пiдклас “drive”

Usually, my sister drives and I read the map (Mc. Millan).

I've been driving for 15 years and I've never had an accident (Mc. Millan).

They have promised I shall ride. Cousin Val cannot walk much, you know, but he can ride perfectly (J. Galsworthy).

We rode in silence for almost twenty minutes (L.R. Kimberla).

I'll do the same and ride with you, if you don't mind (L.R. Kimberla).

He drove along a road that ran by the sea (W.S. Maugham).

I called my mother to see if she wanted to drive over to Schuamburg to do some shopping (L.R. Kimberla).

I had far too much work and didn't need to waste time walking out to the parking lot, driving to a restaurant and then waiting for my meal to be served (L.R. Kimberla).

Mom and I were now driving around the parking lot searching for a place to park (L.R. Kimberla).

Jim drove far east to his mini-mansion, and Kelli drove to her less-than-luxurious apartment on the southern part of the town (L.R. Kimberla).

I drove to the one place where I wouldn't have to speak to anyone (L.R. Kimberla).

I drove to the health club's parking lot and waited for the downpour to cease (L.R. Kimberla).

Then I made a left turn out of the lot, drove a few feet and stopped (L.R. Kimberla).

The woman who'd hit me drove to the right…I drove behind her grey Honda Accord. (L.R. Kimberla).

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