The Supreme Council of Ukraine passed the Act of Proclamation of Independence of Ukraine on August 24, 1991. The Constitution of Ukraine was adopted by the Supreme Council in June 1996. The Ukrainian currency, the hryvnya, was introduced in September 1996.

Our country is a member of the United Nations and its representatives are active in the work of UNESCO (United Nation Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) and other international organizations.

6. Language work: Say the sentences using to be able to or to be unable in the correct form. Use the words from the box. Translate the sentences:

1) Walk think rent reach help look come describe attend have finish come walk carry do come and pick work improve write sleep

1. My hands were shaking so much that I … … my name on the exam paper.

2. She… … this computer program next month.

3. He lay awake all night ….

4. … you …these bags on your own?

5. I ……. Faster because I was too tired.

6. She … … tonight she had an accident on the way home.

7. Fortunately, she … … her attacker in great detail.

8. I … … the report in a week.

9. Three weeks after the accident, she … … even exercises in the gym.

10. As senior students, we … … some university classes.

11. Unfortunately, Tina … … children.

12. Unfortunately, I … … them.

13. I'm afraid I … … to the meeting after all.

14. Many passengers … … the lifeboats in time.

15. I'm afraid that I … … on Friday.

16. That's fine. I … … at the station.

17. In the end, we … … a suitable office near the Central Station.

18. Now I've got an extra weekend, I ……. At the proposal in more detail.

19. I … … of anything.

20. Greg … … since he was injured in a riding accident.

2) Say the sentences in English using may to express permission or polite requests:

1. Ви можете подзвонити мені додому ввечері.

2. Можна поставити вам два запитання?

3. Можна у вас попросити цю книгу?

4. Можна я запізнюсь на 5 хвилин?

5. Можна пронести вашу сумку?

6. Ви можете прийти завтра?

7. Ти можеш взяти гроші у мене в гаманці.

8. Можна зробити пропозицію?

9. Ви можете прийти, якщо хочете.

10. Можна скористатися вашим телефоном?

11. Можна запитати, хто телефонує?

12. Можна подивитись ваші рекомендації?

13. Можна запитати, як вас звати?

14. Ви можете піти з роботи раніше сьогодні.

15. Можна мені взяти відгул в п'ятницю?

16. Я можу пожити у вас деякий час?

17. Ти можеш піти в банк завтра.

18. Можна запросити вас в ресторан?

19. Ви можете показати ці документи нашому гостю.

20. Можна відправити ці листи завтра?

Lesson 8

1. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian

What makes a good word-processing program? That depends entirely on how the person who is buying it intends to use it. A novelist would want certain features. A student might want different ones. And the owner of a store might want still others. Someone who is choosing a word-processing program should start by asking three questions:

Selecting a Word-Processing Program

1. What tasks do I want to accomplish?

2. What tasks can this word-processing program accomplish?

3. How easily can this word-processing program accomplish these tasks?

The first question is the most important one. Potential buyers must know what kind of writing they plan to do with a word-processing program before they can choose the program that's best for them. For example, someone who plans to use the program for simple writing tasks like letters and school reports doesn't need sophisticated program with many features, such as one that allows the user to select a variety of type styles.

Once a potential buyer has made a list of necessary features, it should be a simple matter to find a program that offers just those features. It should be, but it often isn't. Many software packages will have all the features except one or will come with one or two extra features that are not on the list. Then the buyer will have to decide whether it is worth it to pay extra for features that aren't really necessary or if it's better to give up a feature or two in order to save some money. Last but not least, the buyer should check how easily the word-processing program performs these functions. The best way to do that is to load the program, type in some text, and try editing it. Some programs are easier to operate than others. Buyers have to determine which software is the easiest for them to work with.

2. Read and translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:

Word-processing program; certain features; to accomplish; potential buyers; sophisticated program; type styles; necessary features; save some money; to pay extra; programs are easier to operate.

3. Find out which form-Present Continuous or Present Simple are correct in the following sentences:

1. Since classes began, I (not, have) much free time. I (have) several big tests to study for. 2. Last night my roommate and I (have) some free time, so we (go) to a show. 13. I admit that I (get) older since I last (see) you, but with many luck at all, I (get, also) wiser. 14. The science of physics (advance) a great deal in the 19th century. 15. Since the beginning of the 20th century, medical scientists (make) many important discoveries. 16. Libraries today are very different from those in the 1800s. For example, the contents of libraries (change) greatly through years. In the 1800s, libraries (be0 simply collections of books. However today most libraries (become0 multimedia centers that contain tapes, computers, films, magazines, music, and painting. The role of the library in the society (change). In the 1800s, libraries (be) open only to certain people, such as scholars or the wealthy. Today libraries serve everyone. 17. Are you talking Chemistry this semester? - No, I (take, already). I (take) it last semester. - No, I (take, already). I (take) it last semester.

4. Find out which form Past Simple or Past Perfect is correct in the following sentences:

1. When we reached the city center we couldn't find a parking place, so we (decide) to go by the next time. 2. I couldn't find my bag on the bench. Somebody (take) it. 3. I wasn't hungry because I (have) a big breakfast. 4. We were late. The lecture (start) half an hour before. 5. We (finish) all the work by 5 o'clock. 6. He was more worried after he (see) his lawyer. 7. After (see) a lot of sights, we (feel) a bit tired. 8. She (read) the book before Ann (call) her. 9. My parents (already, eat) when I (get) home. 10. After the guests (leave), I (go) to bed.

5. Read and translate the text and use it in your own speech:

Healthy Way of Life

Sport is one of the few things that make people healthy. The general belief if that a person who goes in for sports can't be weak and ill. Physically inactive people get old earlier than those, who find time for sport activity. And of course good health is better than good medicine.

Sport is probably as old as the humanity itself. It was raising with the development of human society. In ancient times men competed with each other in strength and deftness to decide who was the worthiest. Nowadays sport is being widely popularized all over the world and in our country in particular.

Thus, children are taught to love sport since early childhood. In kindergartens a child takes his first sporting steps. He learns to run, jump and dance. In schools and colleges sport is a compulsory subject. Many young people attend sport sections. Some of them dream to become professional sportsmen; others would like to stay an amateur.

As for me, I'm fond of aerobics. First of all aerobics helps to keep myself fit. It also attracts me because it resembles dancing and is carried with the accompaniment of music. Besides, twice a week I go to the swimming pool. Such sport activity helps me to feel cheerful, active and full of energy.

6. Language work:

1) Say the sentences using may or might to express future possibility:

1. Можливо, піде дощ. Візьми парасольку.

2. Вона, можливо, скаже йому про це.

3. Можливо, він прочитає хорошу лекцію.

4. Можливо, вона запізниться на потяг.

5. Можливо, вона отримає цю роботу.

6. Сотні людей можуть втратити роботу, якщо забастовка продовжиться.

7. Можливо, ми закінчимо роботу до вечора.

8. Давай купимо лотерейний квиток. Можливо, ми виграємо.

9. Він, можливо, приїде завтра.

10. Потяг, можливо, запізниться.

2) Say the sentences using must to express obligation. Look up the words in the dictionary if necessary:

1. You … to live in stress. (навчитися)

2. All passengers … seatbelts. (пристебнутися)

3. I … my homework. (піти і зробити)

4. …we … our passports with us? (взяти)

5. Accidents … to the safety officer. (докладати)

6. … you … so soon? (піти)

7. I … a letter to my mother. (написати)

8. You … if you don't want to. (іти)

9. I … back to Anny and tell her about the news. (написати)

10. Passengers in the airport … their luggage unattended at any time. (залишати)

11. Employees … the office phones to make personal calls. (користуватися)

12. You … a file before you turn the computer off. (зберігати)

13. You … this information with anybody. It's highly confidential. (обговорювати)

14. Drivers wishing to hire a car … over 21 and have a driving license. (бути)

15. You … to customers like that. (розмовляти)

16. You … a receipt. (мати)

17. I really … to stop smoking. (намагатися)

18. You … library books on time. (повертати)

19. Remember, you … to Pat about this. (розмовляти)

20. All drivers … insurance. (мати)

Lesson 9

1. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian

Computerizing a Database

As you have seen, you can set up a useful data base manually-and you do, whenever you create any kind of list or record or organize Information. But what happens when your collection of data gets really big? You start out with notes on a single index card. Gradually you accumulate a pile of index cards. You set up an organizational system and file the cards in a box. Before long there's a second box, and then a third. Soon you need an index to your index cards in order to find information.

That's where a computer and a database management system come in handy. A computer, as you know, is an ideal tool for collecting and manipulating data. A data-base management system, or DBMS, is a special program designed to enable you to manage data on a computer in a useful way. With a database management system, you can transfer the contents of your cards, notebooks, and file cabinets onto disks. Then you can use the computer to retrieve the data, organize it, update it, and even sort through it for specific information. Need an alphabetical list o all the players in your baseball card collection? A list of those players born in 1987? A list of shortstops? Tell the computer what you want. In seconds t pulls the information out of your data base and displays it on the screen.

The Advantages of Using Electronic Files

The larger and more complex your collection of data is, the more likely it is that you should set up electronic files. Sing them, you can store data more efficiently in much less space. You can retrieve information in much less time with much less trouble.

To get a better idea of the advantages of using electronic files, compare what happens when you try to find a book using a familiar data base-a library card catalogue-and a computerized data base-a computerized catalogue.

2. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:

Useful data base; organize Information; single index card; accumulate; management system; manipulating data; in a useful way; transfer the contents; to retrieve the data; an alphabetical list.

3. Find out which form-Present Continuous or Present Simple are correct in the following sentences:

1. Hi, Jane. Welcome to the party. (You, ever, meet) my cousin? 2. Hi, Jane. Welcome to the party. (You, visit)? 3. -(You, go out) last night? - Yes, I (go) to the cinema but I (not, enjoy) the film much. 4. -When (Mr. Clark die)? -About ten years ago. 5. They (not, invite) her to the restaurants, so she (not, go). 6. -(You, have) time to write the letter? - No, I (do). 7. -What (you, do) at the weekend? -I (not, do) anything. 8. I (see) Tom yesterday but I haven't (see) him today.

4. Translate into English:

1. Він був репортером до того, як став письменником. 2. Вони повернулися додому пізно. Діти вже заснули. 3. Учора вона ходила до зубного лікаря. 4. Томаса не було вчора на вечірці. Він домовився із Джин піти в кіно. 5. Минулого року ми їздили до Німеччини. До цього ми ніколи там не були. 6. Джек не хотів іти в кіно, тому що він уже подивився цей фільм. 7. Вони не були голодними. Вони тільки-но пообідали. 8. Учора я бачив Енн. Я не бачив її 5 років. 9. Перепрошую, я запізнився. Моя машина зламалася по дорозі сюди.

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